Health risks are one of the major concerns about effluent reuse. Some risk factors are short term and vary in severity depending on the potential for human, animal or environmental contact, while others have longer term impacts that increase with increased use of reused water. The main concerns are pathogens such as , viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and Helminths, and trace organics and heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and pharmaceutically active compounds.